Non-State Torture of Women: Reclaiming Their Human Right

Authors

  • Jeanne Sarson Persons Against Non-State Torture
  • Linda MacDonald Persons Against Non State Torture

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25071/2291-5796.121

Keywords:

Non-State Torture

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Jeanne Sarson, Persons Against Non-State Torture

Jeanne Sarson, BScN, MEd, predominately worked in community and public health, including working and living in Canada’s Arctic communities for 11 years before returning to Nova Scotia and entering university as a mature student. As a Nova Scotia public health nurse she developed and presented a domestic violence program to all Department of Health nursing staff and designed a relational education program for school children in her area. In 1993, along with Linda MacDonald, she began a one-night a week private feminist, human-rights-based nursing practice addressing relational violence. This transformed her nursing practice having now spent 29 years of published co-scholarship developing grassroot science including participatory research and supporting women recover from non-State family and non-family torture and sexualized human trafficking victimizations. This work is national and global, advocating at United Nations levels for acts of torture committed by non-State actors to be acknowledged as a specific human rights violation. Co-authored with Linda is their 2021 book, Women Unsilenced Our Refusal To Let Torturer-Traffickers Win. 

Linda MacDonald, Persons Against Non State Torture

Linda is a retired nurse who worked in many fields of nursing including surgery, ICU, CCU, VON, public health and home care. Her father was a very abusive man and she started speaking up about the abuse in her family as a three year old girl. No one listened. In 1993 she and Jeanne Sarson started a small independent nursing practice listening to women and men who endured abuse. One woman spoke of her family torturing her. Twenty nine years later as a grassroots activist on non-State torture (NST) Linda has listened to many women all around the world who have endured NST. Together with Jeanne she is a co-author of their first book, Women Unsilenced Our Refusal To Let Torturer-Traffickers Win

 

References

Amnesty International. (2000). Respect, protect, fulfil women’s human rights: State responsibility for abuses by ‘non-state actors’. https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/ior50/001/2000/en/

Amnesty International. (2001). Broken bodies, shattered minds: Torture and ill-treatment of women. https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act40/001/2001/en/

Boon, J. (2015, November 6). Canada’s “secret epidemic” of police domestic violence. The Coast. https://www.thecoast.ca/halifax/canadas-secret-epidemic-of-police-domestic-violence/Content?fbclid=IwAR1Z1EZ7d83iKQQdu5-c0Qj7mH2DhCcxtyoK8bhkhu0tABH0nbNemQP8bjc&oid=5033058

Bunch, C., & Reilly, N. (1999). Demanding accountability the global campaign and Vienna tribunal for women’s human rights. Center for Women’s Global Leadership Rutgers University and United Nations. https://cwgl.rutgers.edu/resources/publications/coalition-building/312-demanding-accountability-the-global-campaign-and-vienna-tribunal-for-womens-human-rights

Canadian Federation of University Women (CFUW) Fédération canadienne des femmes diplômées des universities. (2012). A shadow report: Canada fails to establish non-state actor torture as a specific and distinct criminal human rights violation. https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cat/docs/ngos/CFUW_Canada_CAT48.pdf

Canadian Nurses Association. (2017). Code of ethics for registered nurses. https://hl-prod-ca-oc-download.s3-ca-central-1.amazonaws.com/CNA/2f975e7e-4a40-45ca-863c-5ebf0a138d5e/UploadedImages/documents/Code_of_Ethics_2017_Edition_Secure_Interactive.pdf

Department of Canadian Heritage. (2011). Convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Sixth report of Canada covering the period August 2004 – December 2007. Government of Canada. https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/pch/documents/services/canada-united-nations-system/reports-united-nations-treaties/conv_torture_cruel_6_rap-conv_torture_cruel_6_rep-eng.pdf

Every Woman Treaty. (2018a). About us. https://everywoman.org/our-story/

Every Woman Treaty. (2018b). Sign the every woman treaty today! https://secure.everyaction.com/x0yu5I3OFEy6ebiYvBLStg2

Every Woman Treaty. (2021). Women’s rights activists from 128 countries release global treaty to end violence against women and girls. https://everywoman.org/drafttreaty/

Huron, D. (2016). Champions for the cause. Canadian Nurse,112(5), 30-32. https://www.canadian-nurse.com/dev-cn-en/blogs/cn-content/2016/06/03/champions-for-the-cause

International Association of Democratic Lawyers. (2022). Statement submitted by International Association of Democratic Lawyers (IADL), a non-governmental organization in special consultative status with the Economic and Social Council, (E/CN.15/2022/NGO/6). https://www.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CCPCJ/CCPCJ_Sessions/CCPCJ_31/NGO_papers/ECN152022_NGO6_V2202641.pdf

Jones, J., Sarson, J., & MacDonald, L. (2018). How non-state torture is gendered and invisibilized: Canada’s non-compliance with the committee against torture’s recommendations. In Gender perspectives on torture: Law and practice (pp. 33-56). Center for Human Rights & Humanitarian Law Anti-Torture Initiative, Washington, DC. https://www.wcl.american.edu/impact/initiatives-programs/center/documents/gender-perspectives-on-torture/

JUST. (2014, July 9). Evidence. Number 040, 2nd session, 41st Parliament. House of Commons Canada. https://www.ourcommons.ca/DocumentViewer/en/41-2/JUST/meeting-40/evidence

Justice Laws Website. (2021). Torture. Government of Canada. https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-46/section-269.1.html

Kooijmans, P. (1986). Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Report by the special rapporteur, Mr. P. Kooijmans, appointed pursuant to Commission on Human Rights resolution 1985/33. United Nations Economic and Social Council, Commission on Human Rights. https://ap.ohchr.org/documents/E/CHR/report/E-CN_4-1986-15.pdf

Lane, A. (2016). Victim impact statement from Alexandra Lane Re: Bill C-242 an act to amend the criminal code (inflicting torture). https://www.ourcommons.ca/Content/Committee/421/JUST/Brief/BR8486871/br-external/LaneAlexandra-2016-10-15-e.pdf

Manjoo, R. (2018). Normative developments on violence against women in the United Nations system. In R. Manjoo & J. Jones (Eds.), The legal protection of women from violence. Normative gaps in international law (pp. 73-106). Routledge.

Marcussen, H. (2009). Historical introduction to the falanga articles. Journal on Rehabilitation of Torture Victims and Prevention of Torture Thematic issue on falanga, 19(1), 2-4. https://irct.org/assets/uploads/1018_8185_2009-1_2-4.pdf

Méndez, J. E. (2018). Introduction. In Gender perspective on torture: Law and practice (pp. xi-xiv). Center for Human Rights & Humanitarian Law Anti-Torture Initiative, Washington, DC. https://www.wcl.american.edu/impact/initiatives-programs/center/documents/gender-perspectives-on-torture/

Mines, S. (2007). Military families, domestic violence within. In N.A. Jackson (Ed.), Encyclopedia of domestic violence (pp. 487-492). Routledge.

Nowak, M. (2010). Report of the special rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (A/HRC/13/39Add.5). https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/13session/A.HRC.13.39.Add.5_en.pdf

Nwadinobi, E. A., Juaristi, F. R., Pisklákova-Parker, M., Aldosari, H., Khana, M., & Aeberhard-Hodges, J. (n.d.). Safer sooner. Every Woman Treaty. https://everywoman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Safer-Sooner-Report-Website.pdf

Sarson, J., Gordon, E., & MacDonald, L. (2019). Family-based non-state torturers who traffic their daughters: Praxis principles and healing epiphanies. In J. Winterdyk & J. Jones (Eds.), The Palgrave international handbook of human trafficking (pp. 839-863). Palgrave MacMillan.

Sarson, J., & MacDonald, L. (2009). Torturing by non-state actors invisibilized, a patriarchal divide and spillover violence from the military sphere into the domestic sphere. Peace Studies Journal (PSJ), 2(2), 16-38. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.553.2583&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Sarson, J., & MacDonald, L. (2011). Non-state torture—Specifically sexualized non-state torture—Inflicted in the private/domestic sphere against girls/women: An emerging “harmful practice.” [Unpublished manuscript. Report submitted jointly to CEDAW and CRC Committee, 2011]. https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/CEDAW/HarmfulPractices/JeanneSarson-LindaMacDonald.pdf

Sarson, J., & MacDonald, L. (2014). Torture victimization—child to adult: Flashbacks and connection with first responders. Family & Intimate Partner Violence Quarterly, 6(3):47-56.

Sarson, J., & MacDonald, L. (2016). Seeking equality, justice, and women’s and girls’ human right not to be subjected to non-state torture. In J. A. Scutt (Ed.), Women, law and culture, conformity, contradiction and conflict (pp. 263-281). Palgrave MacMillan.

Sarson, J., & MacDonald, L. (2017). Development of a position statement on the human right violation of non-state torture. Unpublished resolution submitted at Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) Meeting of Members.

https://nonstatetorture.org/application/files/1816/4153/0230/CNA_RESOLUTION.pdf

Sarson, J., & MacDonald, L. (2018a). No longer invisible: Families that torture, traffic, and exploit their girl child. Oñati Journal of Emergent Socio-legal Studies, 8(1), 85-105. https://opo.iisj.net/index.php/osls/article/view/908/1078

Sarson, J., & MacDonald, L. (2018b). Having non-state torture recognized by the UN and member states as an infringement of woman’s human rights is imperative. Canadian Woman Studies/Les Cahiers de la Femme, 33(1.2), 143–155. https://cws.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/cws/article/view/37766/34313

Sarson, J., & MacDonald, L. (2019a). “A difficult client”: Lynn’s story of captivity, non-state torture, and human trafficking by her husband. International Journal of Advanced Nursing Education and Research, 4(3), 107-124. DOI:10.21742/IJANER.2019.4.3.13

Sarson, J., & MacDonald, L. (2019b). Non-state torture human trafficking family systems: Coming out alive—normalizing women’s survival responses. Justice Report, 34(3), 11–15. https://www.ccja-acjp.ca/pub/en/justice-report/issue-34-3/

Sarson, J., & MacDonald, L. (2021). Women unsilenced: Our refusal to let torturer-traffickers win. Friesen Press.

UN. (1948). Universal declaration of human rights. https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights

UN. (1979). Convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women.

https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/cedaw.aspx

UN. (1984). Convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/cat.aspx

UNOHC. (2014). UN expert calls for a legally binding global treaty for the elimination of violence against women. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=15211&LangID=E

Yamamoto, S., & Wallace, H. (2007). Domestic violence by law enforcement officers. In N.A. Jackson (Ed.), Encyclopedia of domestic violence. (pp. 255-261). Routledge.

Published

2022-06-27

How to Cite

Sarson, J., & MacDonald, L. . (2022). Non-State Torture of Women: Reclaiming Their Human Right. Witness: The Canadian Journal of Critical Nursing Discourse, 4(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.25071/2291-5796.121