L’ Expression de la sexualité de patients masculins en milieux de psychiatrie légale
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25071/2291-5796.78Keywords:
critique, ethnographie, psychiatrie légale, sexualité masculine, soins infirmiersAbstract
La situation actuelle en milieux de psychiatrie légale ne permet pas aux patients d’exprimer pleinement leur sexualité durant leur hospitalisation. Dans certains cas, les relations sexuelles sont tout simplement interdites. Non seulement, les politiques institutionnelles en place briment, en partie, les personnes dans l’exercice de leurs droits fondamentaux elles manquent aussi de clarté au regard de la façon dont le personnel infirmier devrait gérer les besoins des patients. Une étude ethnographique critique a été conduite dans un centre de psychiatrie légale canadien. La collecte de données a inclus des entrevues semi-structurées, la collecte de documents institutionnels et l’observation du milieu. Nos résultats s’articulent autour de trois thèmes: situer la sexualité en contexte médico-légal, faire l’expérience de la sexualité en tant que patient et gouverner la sexualité des patients. Les données récoltées permettent de constater que ces discours façonnent les croyances et les actions des patients, des infirmières et des autres professionnels tels que les psychiatres, les éducateurs et les psychologues.
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References
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Association médicale de l’Ontario. (2004). Improving Our Health:Why is Canada Lagging Behind in Establishing Needle Exchange Programs in Prisons?, octobre 2004. Relevé du site web : www.oma.org/phealth/omanep.pdf
Arbour, L. (1998). Déclaration universelle des Droits de l'Homme. Rev. quebecoise de droit int'l, 11, 3.
Bartlett, P., Mantovani, N., Cratsley, K., Dillon, C., & Eastman, N. (2010). ‘You may kiss the bride, but you may not open your mouth when you do so’: policies concerning sex, marriage and relationships in English forensic psychiatric facilities. Liverpool Law Review, 31(2), 155-176.
Birnbaum, M. (1974). The right to treatment: Some comments on its development. Medical, moral and legal issues in mental health care. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 122.
Brown, S., D., Reavey, P., Kanyeredzi, A., & Batty, R. (2014). Transformations of self and sexuality: Psychologically modified experiences in the context of forensic mental health. Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness & Medicine, 18(3), 240-260.
Butler, T. (1997). Preliminary findings from the inmate health survey. Sydney, NSW : New South Wales Corrections Health Service.
Civic D, Walsh G and McBride D (1993) Staff perspectives on sexual behavior of patients in a state psychiatric hospital. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 44: 887–889.
Courtemanche, Y., Poulin, C., Serhir, B., & Alary, M. (2016). Étude de prévalence du VIH et du VHC chez les personnes incarcérées dans les établissements de détention provinciaux au Québec. Québec, QC: Institut national de santé publique du Québec.
Danaher, G., Schirato, T., & Webb, J. (2000). Understanding foucault. Sage.
Deegan, M.J. (2001). The Chicago School of Ethnography. In P. Atkinson, A. Coffey, S. Delamont, J. Lofland, & L. Lofland (Eds.), Handbook of Ethnography (pp.11-25). Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications.
Deegan, P.E. (2001). Recovery as a self-directed process of healing and transformation. In : Brown, C. (ed.) Recovery and Wellness : Models of Hope and Empowerment for People with Mental Illness. New York : Haworth Press, pp.5-21.
Dein, K., Williams, P.S., Volkonskaia et al. (2007). The sexuality of inpatients in secure settings : the views of psychiatrists and psychologists working in forensic unit. In : North London Forensic Service 10th International Conference. London : Queens College Cambridge.
Dein, K., et Williams, S. (2008). Relationships between residents in secure psychiatric units : Are safety and sensitivity really incompatible? Psychiatric Bulletin 32 : 284-287.
Dein, K., Williams, S., Volkonaesia et al. (à venir). Examining mental health professionals’ perspectives on inpatients sexuality and sexual behaviour in medium secure forensic mental health service. Journal of Forensic Psychology& Psychiatry.
De la Motte Rouge, H. (2006). Sexualité en prison, privation de liberté sexuelle. Rapport du CREDOF.
Dixon-Mueller, R., Germain, A., Fredrick, B., & Bourne, K. (2009). Towards a sexual ethics of rights and responsibilities. Reproductive Health Matters, 17(33), 111-119.
Earle, S. (2001). Disability, facilitated sex and the role of the nurse. Journal of advanced nursing, 36(3), 433-440.
Eigenberg, H. M. (1992). Homosexuality in male prisons: Demonstrating the need for a social constructionist approach. Criminal Justice Review, 17(2), 219-234.
Eigenberg, H. M. (2000). Correctional Officers and Their Perceptions of Homosexuality, Rape, and Prostitution in Male Prisons. The Prison Journal, 80(4), 415–433.
Eigenberg, H., & Baro, A. (2003). If you drop the soap in the shower you are on your own: Images of male rape in selected prison movies. Sexuality & Culture,7(4), 56-89.
Eklund, M., & Östman, M. (2010). Belonging and doing: important factors for satisfaction with sexual relations as perceived by people with persistent mental illness. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 56(4), 336-347.
Foucault, M. (1975). Surveiller et punir. Paris, France : Gallimard.
Foucault, M. (1976). Histoire de la sexualité : la volonté de savoir (vol. I). Paris, France : Gallimard.
Ford, E., Rosenberg, M., Holsten, M., & Boudreaux, T. (2003). Managing Sexual Behavior on Adult Acute Care Inpatient Psychiatric Units. Psychiatric Services, 54(3), 346–350.
Gilburt, H., Rose, D., & Slade, M. (2008). The importance of relationships in mental health care: A qualitative study of service users' experiences of psychiatric hospital admission in the UK. BMC health services research, 8(1), 92.
Goffman, E. (1968). Asylums: Essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates. AldineTransaction.
Gostin, L. O. (2000). Human rights of persons with mental disabilities: The European convention of human rights. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 23(2), 125–159.
Hammett, T., & Harmon, P. Maruschak (1999). 1996–1997 update: HIV/AIDS, STDs, and TB in correctional facilities. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
Hacking, I. (2004). Between Michel Foucault and Erving Goffman: between discourse in the abstract and face-to-face interaction. Economy and Society, 33(3), 277–302.
Hensley, C., & Tewksbury, R. (2002). Inmate-to-Inmate Prison Sexuality: A Review of Empirical Studies. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 3(3), 226–243.
Holmes, D., & Jacob, J. D. (2012). Entre soin et punition: la difficile coexistence entre le soin infirmier et la culture carcérale. Recherche en soins infirmiers,111(4), 57-66.
Lines, R. (2002). Action on HIV/AIDS in prisons: too little, too late. A report card. Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network.
Kawachi, I., & Berkman, L. F. (2001). Social ties and mental health. Journal of Urban health, 78(3), 458-467.
Magnan, M. A., Reynolds, K. E. & Galvin, E. A. (2005). Barriers to addressing patient sexuality in nursing practice. MedSurg Nursing 14, 282-289.
Mason, G. (2002). The Spectacle of Violence: Homophobia, Gender, and Knowledge. United Kingdom: Routledge imprint of Taylor & Francis.
Mason, G. (2006). The Book at a Glance. Symposium: The Spectacle of Violence: Homophobia, Gender and Knowledge. Hypatia 21 (2) : 174-206.
Mason, T., & Mercer, D. (1999). Forensic psychiatric nursing. Advanced Practice in Mental Health Nursing (Clinton, M. and Nelson, S., eds.), Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK, 236-159.
McCann, E. (2003). Exploring sexual and relationship possibilities for people with psychosis–a review of the literature. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 10(6), 640-649.
Merotte, L. (2012). Sexuality in prison: Three investigation methods analysis. Sexologies: European Journal of Sexology and Sexual Health / Revue Europeenne De Sexologie Et De Sante Sexuelle,21(3), 122-125.
Monod, J.C. (1997). Foucault : la police des conduites. Éditions Michalon, Paris.
Modestin, J. (1981). Patterns of overt sexual interaction among acute psychiatric inpatients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 64: 446–459.
McCabe, J., & Holmes, D. (2013). Nursing, sexual health and youth with disabilities: a critical ethnography. Journal of advanced nursing, 70(1), 77-86.
Ong, K., Carroll, A., Reid, S., & Deacon, A. (2009). Community outcomes of mentally disordered homicide offenders in Victoria. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(8), 775-780.
Ordre des infirmiers et infirmières du Québec. (2010). Online : https://www.oiiq.org/sites/default/files/263NS_doc.pdf
Paillé, P., & Mucchielli, A. (2012). L'analyse qualitative en sciences humaines et sociales. Armand Colin.
Pacitti, R., & Thornicroft, G. (2009). Sex, relationships and mental health. A Life in the Day, 13(1), 27-30.
Perlin, M. L. (1992). Hospitalized Patients and the Right to Sexual Interaction: Beyond the Last Frontier. New York University Review of Law & Social Change, 20. Retrieved from http://www.narpa.org/beyond_the_last_frontier.htm
Perlin, M. L. (1992a). On Sanism. SMU Law Review, 46. Retrieved from http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/smulr46&id=387&div=&collection=
Perlin, M. L. (2002). You Have Discussed Lepers and Crooks: Sanism in Clinical Teaching. Clinical Law Review, 9. Retrieved from http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/clinic9&id=689&div=&collection=
Perlin, M. (2008). “Everybody is Making Love/Or Else Expecting Rain”: Considering the Sexual Autonomy Rights of Persons Institutionalized Because of Mental Disability in Forensic Hospitals and in Asia. Washington Law Review, 83, 481–512.
Pitt, L., Kilbride, M., Nothard, S., et al. (2007). Researching recovery from psychosis : A user-led project. Psychiatric Bulletin 31: 55-60.
Potter, R. H., & Tewksbury, R. (2005). Sex and prisoners: Criminal justice contributions to a public health issue. Journal of Correctional Health Care,11(2), 171-190.
Quinn, C., & Happell, B. (2015). Consumer sexual relationships in a Forensic mental health hospital: Perceptions of nurses and consumers. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 24(2), 121–129.
Quinn, C., & Happell, B. (2015). Sex on show. Issues of privacy and dignity in a Forensic mental health hospital: Nurse and patient views. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 24(15–16).
Ruane, J., & Hayter, M. (2008). Nurses’ attitudes towards sexual relationships between patients in high security psychiatric hospitals in England: An exploratory qualitative study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45(12), 1731–1741.
Sit, V., & Ricciardelli, R. (2013). Constructing and Performing Sexualities in the Penitentiaries Attitudes and Behaviors Among Male Prisoners. Criminal Justice Review, 38(3), 335-353.
Slade, M., Amering, M., Farkas, M., Hamilton, B., O'Hagan, M., Panther, G., ... & Whitley, R. (2014). Uses and abuses of recovery: implementing recovery‐oriented practices in mental health systems. World Psychiatry, 13(1), 12-20.
Tennille, J., & Wright, E. (2013). Addressing the intimacy interests of people with mental health conditions: Acknowledging consumer desires, provider discomforts, and system denial. Temple University Collaborative on Community Inclusion of Individuals with Psychiatric Disabilities, 1-22.
Tewksbury, R., Vito, G. F., et Cummings, S. (1998). Injection drug users and HIV risk behaviors : Criminal justice professionals’s role in identifying and responding to risk behaviors. Journal of Crime Justice, 21(1), 1-22.
Thomas, J. (1993). Doing Critical Ethnography. Newbury Park, CA : Sage.
Warner, J., McKeown, E., Griffin, M., Johnson, K., Ramsay, A., Cort, C., & King, M. (2004). Rates and predictors of mental illness in gay men, lesbians and bisexual men and women: Results from a survey based in England and Wales. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 185(6), 479-485.
Wright E.R., McCabe H., Kooreman H.E. (2012). Institutional Capacity to Respond to the Ethical Challenges of Patient Sexual Expression in State Psychiatric Hospitals in the United States. Journal of Ethics in Mental Health, vol.7, 2012.
Association médicale de l’Ontario. (2004). Improving Our Health:Why is Canada Lagging Behind in Establishing Needle Exchange Programs in Prisons?, octobre 2004. Relevé du site web : www.oma.org/phealth/omanep.pdf
Arbour, L. (1998). Déclaration universelle des Droits de l'Homme. Rev. quebecoise de droit int'l, 11, 3.
Bartlett, P., Mantovani, N., Cratsley, K., Dillon, C., & Eastman, N. (2010). ‘You may kiss the bride, but you may not open your mouth when you do so’: policies concerning sex, marriage and relationships in English forensic psychiatric facilities. Liverpool Law Review, 31(2), 155-176.
Birnbaum, M. (1974). The right to treatment: Some comments on its development. Medical, moral and legal issues in mental health care. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 122.
Brown, S., D., Reavey, P., Kanyeredzi, A., & Batty, R. (2014). Transformations of self and sexuality: Psychologically modified experiences in the context of forensic mental health. Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness & Medicine, 18(3), 240-260.
Butler, T. (1997). Preliminary findings from the inmate health survey. Sydney, NSW : New South Wales Corrections Health Service.
Civic D, Walsh G and McBride D (1993) Staff perspectives on sexual behavior of patients in a state psychiatric hospital. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 44: 887–889.
Courtemanche, Y., Poulin, C., Serhir, B., & Alary, M. (2016). Étude de prévalence du VIH et du VHC chez les personnes incarcérées dans les établissements de détention provinciaux au Québec. Québec, QC: Institut national de santé publique du Québec.
Danaher, G., Schirato, T., & Webb, J. (2000). Understanding foucault. Sage.
Deegan, M.J. (2001). The Chicago School of Ethnography. In P. Atkinson, A. Coffey, S. Delamont, J. Lofland, & L. Lofland (Eds.), Handbook of Ethnography (pp.11-25). Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications.
Deegan, P.E. (2001). Recovery as a self-directed process of healing and transformation. In : Brown, C. (ed.) Recovery and Wellness : Models of Hope and Empowerment for People with Mental Illness. New York : Haworth Press, pp.5-21.
Dein, K., Williams, P.S., Volkonskaia et al. (2007). The sexuality of inpatients in secure settings : the views of psychiatrists and psychologists working in forensic unit. In : North London Forensic Service 10th International Conference. London : Queens College Cambridge.
Dein, K., et Williams, S. (2008). Relationships between residents in secure psychiatric units : Are safety and sensitivity really incompatible? Psychiatric Bulletin 32 : 284-287.
Dein, K., Williams, S., Volkonaesia et al. (à venir). Examining mental health professionals’ perspectives on inpatients sexuality and sexual behaviour in medium secure forensic mental health service. Journal of Forensic Psychology& Psychiatry.
De la Motte Rouge, H. (2006). Sexualité en prison, privation de liberté sexuelle. Rapport du CREDOF.
Dixon-Mueller, R., Germain, A., Fredrick, B., & Bourne, K. (2009). Towards a sexual ethics of rights and responsibilities. Reproductive Health Matters, 17(33), 111-119.
Earle, S. (2001). Disability, facilitated sex and the role of the nurse. Journal of advanced nursing, 36(3), 433-440.
Eigenberg, H. M. (1992). Homosexuality in male prisons: Demonstrating the need for a social constructionist approach. Criminal Justice Review, 17(2), 219-234.
Eigenberg, H. M. (2000). Correctional Officers and Their Perceptions of Homosexuality, Rape, and Prostitution in Male Prisons. The Prison Journal, 80(4), 415–433.
Eigenberg, H., & Baro, A. (2003). If you drop the soap in the shower you are on your own: Images of male rape in selected prison movies. Sexuality & Culture,7(4), 56-89.
Eklund, M., & Östman, M. (2010). Belonging and doing: important factors for satisfaction with sexual relations as perceived by people with persistent mental illness. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 56(4), 336-347.
Foucault, M. (1975). Surveiller et punir. Paris, France : Gallimard.
Foucault, M. (1976). Histoire de la sexualité : la volonté de savoir (vol. I). Paris, France : Gallimard.
Ford, E., Rosenberg, M., Holsten, M., & Boudreaux, T. (2003). Managing Sexual Behavior on Adult Acute Care Inpatient Psychiatric Units. Psychiatric Services, 54(3), 346–350.
Gilburt, H., Rose, D., & Slade, M. (2008). The importance of relationships in mental health care: A qualitative study of service users' experiences of psychiatric hospital admission in the UK. BMC health services research, 8(1), 92.
Goffman, E. (1968). Asylums: Essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates. AldineTransaction.
Gostin, L. O. (2000). Human rights of persons with mental disabilities: The European convention of human rights. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 23(2), 125–159.
Hammett, T., & Harmon, P. Maruschak (1999). 1996–1997 update: HIV/AIDS, STDs, and TB in correctional facilities. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
Hacking, I. (2004). Between Michel Foucault and Erving Goffman: between discourse in the abstract and face-to-face interaction. Economy and Society, 33(3), 277–302.
Hensley, C., & Tewksbury, R. (2002). Inmate-to-Inmate Prison Sexuality: A Review of Empirical Studies. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 3(3), 226–243.
Holmes, D., & Jacob, J. D. (2012). Entre soin et punition: la difficile coexistence entre le soin infirmier et la culture carcérale. Recherche en soins infirmiers,111(4), 57-66.
Lines, R. (2002). Action on HIV/AIDS in prisons: too little, too late. A report card. Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network.
Kawachi, I., & Berkman, L. F. (2001). Social ties and mental health. Journal of Urban health, 78(3), 458-467.
Magnan, M. A., Reynolds, K. E. & Galvin, E. A. (2005). Barriers to addressing patient sexuality in nursing practice. MedSurg Nursing 14, 282-289.
Mason, G. (2002). The Spectacle of Violence: Homophobia, Gender, and Knowledge. United Kingdom: Routledge imprint of Taylor & Francis.
Mason, G. (2006). The Book at a Glance. Symposium: The Spectacle of Violence: Homophobia, Gender and Knowledge. Hypatia 21 (2) : 174-206.
Mason, T., & Mercer, D. (1999). Forensic psychiatric nursing. Advanced Practice in Mental Health Nursing (Clinton, M. and Nelson, S., eds.), Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK, 236-159.
McCann, E. (2003). Exploring sexual and relationship possibilities for people with psychosis–a review of the literature. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 10(6), 640-649.
Merotte, L. (2012). Sexuality in prison: Three investigation methods analysis. Sexologies: European Journal of Sexology and Sexual Health / Revue Europeenne De Sexologie Et De Sante Sexuelle,21(3), 122-125.
Monod, J.C. (1997). Foucault : la police des conduites. Éditions Michalon, Paris.
Modestin, J. (1981). Patterns of overt sexual interaction among acute psychiatric inpatients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 64: 446–459.
McCabe, J., & Holmes, D. (2013). Nursing, sexual health and youth with disabilities: a critical ethnography. Journal of advanced nursing, 70(1), 77-86.
Ong, K., Carroll, A., Reid, S., & Deacon, A. (2009). Community outcomes of mentally disordered homicide offenders in Victoria. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(8), 775-780.
Ordre des infirmiers et infirmières du Québec. (2010). Online : https://www.oiiq.org/sites/default/files/263NS_doc.pdf
Paillé, P., & Mucchielli, A. (2012). L'analyse qualitative en sciences humaines et sociales. Armand Colin.
Pacitti, R., & Thornicroft, G. (2009). Sex, relationships and mental health. A Life in the Day, 13(1), 27-30.
Perlin, M. L. (1992). Hospitalized Patients and the Right to Sexual Interaction: Beyond the Last Frontier. New York University Review of Law & Social Change, 20. Retrieved from http://www.narpa.org/beyond_the_last_frontier.htm
Perlin, M. L. (1992a). On Sanism. SMU Law Review, 46. Retrieved from http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/smulr46&id=387&div=&collection=
Perlin, M. L. (2002). You Have Discussed Lepers and Crooks: Sanism in Clinical Teaching. Clinical Law Review, 9. Retrieved from http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/clinic9&id=689&div=&collection=
Perlin, M. (2008). “Everybody is Making Love/Or Else Expecting Rain”: Considering the Sexual Autonomy Rights of Persons Institutionalized Because of Mental Disability in Forensic Hospitals and in Asia. Washington Law Review, 83, 481–512.
Pitt, L., Kilbride, M., Nothard, S., et al. (2007). Researching recovery from psychosis : A user-led project. Psychiatric Bulletin 31: 55-60.
Potter, R. H., & Tewksbury, R. (2005). Sex and prisoners: Criminal justice contributions to a public health issue. Journal of Correctional Health Care,11(2), 171-190.
Quinn, C., & Happell, B. (2015). Consumer sexual relationships in a Forensic mental health hospital: Perceptions of nurses and consumers. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 24(2), 121–129.
Quinn, C., & Happell, B. (2015). Sex on show. Issues of privacy and dignity in a Forensic mental health hospital: Nurse and patient views. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 24(15–16).
Ruane, J., & Hayter, M. (2008). Nurses’ attitudes towards sexual relationships between patients in high security psychiatric hospitals in England: An exploratory qualitative study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45(12), 1731–1741.
Sit, V., & Ricciardelli, R. (2013). Constructing and Performing Sexualities in the Penitentiaries Attitudes and Behaviors Among Male Prisoners. Criminal Justice Review, 38(3), 335-353.
Slade, M., Amering, M., Farkas, M., Hamilton, B., O'Hagan, M., Panther, G., ... & Whitley, R. (2014). Uses and abuses of recovery: implementing recovery‐oriented practices in mental health systems. World Psychiatry, 13(1), 12-20.
Tennille, J., & Wright, E. (2013). Addressing the intimacy interests of people with mental health conditions: Acknowledging consumer desires, provider discomforts, and system denial. Temple University Collaborative on Community Inclusion of Individuals with Psychiatric Disabilities, 1-22.
Tewksbury, R., Vito, G. F., et Cummings, S. (1998). Injection drug users and HIV risk behaviors : Criminal justice professionals’s role in identifying and responding to risk behaviors. Journal of Crime Justice, 21(1), 1-22.
Thomas, J. (1993). Doing Critical Ethnography. Newbury Park, CA : Sage.
Warner, J., McKeown, E., Griffin, M., Johnson, K., Ramsay, A., Cort, C., & King, M. (2004). Rates and predictors of mental illness in gay men, lesbians and bisexual men and women: Results from a survey based in England and Wales. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 185(6), 479-485.
Wright E.R., McCabe H., Kooreman H.E. (2012). Institutional Capacity to Respond to the Ethical Challenges of Patient Sexual Expression in State Psychiatric Hospitals in the United States. Journal of Ethics in Mental Health, vol.7, 2012.
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2020-12-30
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Kaszap, M., & Holmes, D. (2020). L’ Expression de la sexualité de patients masculins en milieux de psychiatrie légale. Witness: The Canadian Journal of Critical Nursing Discourse, 2(2), 54–75. https://doi.org/10.25071/2291-5796.78
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